علوم زیستی دریا
Mahdie Amirinezhad; Narges Amrollahi Biuki; Morteza Yousefzadi; Arash Ghaderi
Abstract
This study investigated the green synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles using natural marine extracts. Characteristic peaks for CeO2 with X-ray diffraction spectrum to crystal planes (111), (200), (220) (311), (331), (420), and (422) are related. In the SEM images, the synthesized cerium oxide ...
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This study investigated the green synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles using natural marine extracts. Characteristic peaks for CeO2 with X-ray diffraction spectrum to crystal planes (111), (200), (220) (311), (331), (420), and (422) are related. In the SEM images, the synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticles are generally spherical with a size of about 10 to 12 nm. the FTIR analysis indicated the presence of prominent peaks that showed the presence of this nanoparticle in different capacity states of Ce +3, Ce4+ acts as an antioxidant on the surface of nano cerium. Nanoparticles synthesized from algae at concentrations of 1000, 500, and 250 µg /ml showed between 60-65% DPPH free radical inhibition. The highest reduction rate of macroalgae Sargassum ilicifolium at a concentration of 500 µg /ml, it is a significant difference between nanoparticles synthesized from the available extracts and tested at different concentrations. Antibacterial activity was observed (P≤0.05). It showed that Gram-negative bacteria are more resistant to CeO2 nanoparticles than Gram-positive bacteria. INTRODUCTIONToday, biological methods of nanoparticle synthesis using microorganisms, natural extracts, and nutrients have been suggested as suitable alternatives to chemical and physical methods (Das et al., 2013). Researchers have reported that cerium nanoparticles are effective in dealing with oxidative stress and have an antioxidant role, so these nanoparticles can act as a remover of various forms of reactive oxygen in many physiological and biochemical reactions in the body of living organisms (Dhall et al. al., 2017(. Microalgae are the main group of photoautotrophic organisms known as potential sources of secondary metabolites, phenolic compounds, pigments and polysaccharides. Biosynthesis targets algal secondary metabolites as reducing agents for stabilization of nanoparticles (NPs) (Barciela et al., 2022). Metabolites extracted from starfish with low molecular weight have remarkable characteristics. These isolated compounds include steroids, anthroquinones, alkaloids, phospholipids and peptides, which are a rich source of activity against microbes and have many uses in the field of medicine (Baharara et al., 2020). In this study, the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of green cerium oxide nanoparticles synthesized from marine extracts have been investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sargassum ilicifolium macroalgae was collected from the coast of Chabahar and transported to the laboratory. Then the samples were washed several times with distilled water in order to separate the mud and dried in the shade and at a suitable temperature for a week and then ground to powder. Brittle star Ophiocoma scolopendrina was collected from Qeshm Island at the time of low tide and dried with a freeze dryer at -40C and then powdered with an industrial mill. In order to extract and synthesize CeO2NPs nano cerium oxide, 10 grams of powdered each of the samples was added to 100 ml of double distilled water and stirred for 3 to 4 hours at 60 degrees Celsius, then it was collected with filter paper and then Whitman. In an Erlenmeyer flask, 100 ml of 0.05 M of Ce(NO3)3.6H2O and 20 ml of distilled water were added to it and this solution was stirred using a magnetic stirrer until a homogeneous solution was formed (Altaf et al. al., 2021). Then 40 ml of the extract was added to the solution and the final volume was brought to 100 ml with distilled water and the reaction mixture was stirred on a hot magnetic plate with a temperature of 70-80 degrees Celsius for 3-4 hours. The formed particles after sufficient stirring time were centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 10 minutes, the nanoparticles were repeatedly washed with deionized water and dried in an oven at 60 degrees for 6 hours. Then, the obtained product was calcined in the oven at 400°C for 2 hours to produce a yellow powder of cerium oxide (Elahi et al., 2019). In the test of measuring the antioxidant capacity by the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical method, concentrations of 1000, 500, 125, 250, 62.5 and 31.25 μg/ml were made from 10 mg/ml stock, from 100 μl of each concentration was taken and poured into 96-well plates in triplicate. Also, 100 microliters of 0.3 mM DPPH solution (394.3 g/mol) was added. The 96-well plates were placed in the dark for 30 minutes, and the absorbance of the samples was read by an Elizarider device at a wavelength of 517 nm. RESULTS In the FT-IR study, the peaks around 1417, 1575, and 1577, 1432 cm2 in samples A and B are related to carbonate compounds. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has shown that the nanoparticles are spherical and tend to aggregate.The highest reduction rate against ascorbic acid was observed in Sargassum macroalgae at a concentration of 500 μg/ml. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The highest inhibitory activity of NPS synthesized for S. ilicifolium was observed (65.45 ± 0.5% at 1000 μg/ml). The basis of the biological activities of cerium nanoparticles is the Ce3+/Ce4+ surface ratio, the cycle of oxidation and reduction between the Ce3+ and Ce4+ states, which have a unique ability to absorb and release oxygen on their surface and play a key role in antioxidant activity (Dhall and Self, 2018).
علوم زیستی دریا
Mahbobeh Mohamadi; Gholam-Reza Sharifi-Sirchi; Morteza Yosefzadi
Abstract
The biofouling phenomenon causes great economic damage to artificial structures, so that by reducing the maneuverability of vessels and thus reducing their speed, it increases fuel consumption as well as increases maintenance costs. Today, many studies have been done to solve the problems of biofouling, ...
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The biofouling phenomenon causes great economic damage to artificial structures, so that by reducing the maneuverability of vessels and thus reducing their speed, it increases fuel consumption as well as increases maintenance costs. Today, many studies have been done to solve the problems of biofouling, the most important of which is to identify natural antifouling compounds. In this study, the anti-folling properties of henna (Lawsonia inermis) were investigated using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous. Treatments were performed in 3 replications. After 24 hours, under a light microscope, the number of algae was counted by a neobar slide. Data were analyzed using SAS software and data were compared by Duncan's multiple range test. Statistical analysis of henna extracts on Chlorella vulgaris showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the treatments at the probability level of 0.001. Examination of the results related to growth changes showed that with the application of treatments, the growth of this algae was significantly inhibited. Ethyl acetate extract with a concentration of 5 mg/ml, deoxygenate extract with a concentration of 20 mg/ml and methanolic extract with a concentration of 80 mg/ml and aqueous extract with a concentration of 160 mg/ml were the most inhibitory effect on the survival of Chlorella vulgaris.
علوم زیستی دریا
Zeinab Tovakol; Gholam-Reza Sharifi-Sirchi; Morteza Yousefzadi
Abstract
Biofoiling is a problem caused by microbial biofilms. Today, many studies have been done to solve the problems of biofouling. The most important studies have been carried out on the identification of natural antibiotic compounds in the marine environment. The most important studies have been performed ...
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Biofoiling is a problem caused by microbial biofilms. Today, many studies have been done to solve the problems of biofouling. The most important studies have been carried out on the identification of natural antibiotic compounds in the marine environment. The most important studies have been performed on the identification of natural antifouling compounds in the marine environment. In this study, the anti-algae properties of organic and aqueous extracts of (Mentha longifora) were investigated using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous solutions. Chlorella vulgaris and Chaetoceros muelleri Microalgae, were grown in F2 culture medium. The extracts were dissolved in a certain amount in DMSO solvent and added to test tubes containing microalgae culture medium in different concentrations. After 24 hours, under a light microscope, the number of algae was counted by a neobar slide. Data were analyzed by SAS program and data were compared by Duncan's multiple range test. Statistical analysis of n-hexane extracts on C. vulgaris and C. muelleri showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the treatments at the probability level of 0.001. Extract of n-hexane with a concentration of (20 mg ml -1) for the microalgae C. vulgaris and for microalgae C. muelleri, an extract of (10 mg ml -1) for the n-hexane had the highest inhibitory.
علوم زیستی دریا
zahra zarei Jeliani; Morteza Yusef Zadi; jelveh sohrabipour; hojjat toiserkani
Abstract
Seaweed is favored seafood in some regions and is also used as feedstock for extracting fine chemicals. The total global seaweed production continues to grow This study investigated the biological activities of n-Hexane, Ethylacetate and Methanol extract of two red marine macro algae (Gracilariopsis ...
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Seaweed is favored seafood in some regions and is also used as feedstock for extracting fine chemicals. The total global seaweed production continues to grow This study investigated the biological activities of n-Hexane, Ethylacetate and Methanol extract of two red marine macro algae (Gracilariopsis persica and Hypnea flagelliformis), collected from the coast of Bandar Abbas, Persian Gulf, Iran. For identification the superior species with biological properties, the tested activities included Carotenoids content, total Phenolic content, total flavonoids content, antioxidant activity at the concentration (3 mg/ml) by ferric reducing power (FRP) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assay and at final, antibacterial activity was evaluated. This study revealed that the more effective macro algae extracts by maximum antioxidant capacity: FRP and TAC, were recorded for Ethylacetate extracts. The result showed the highest content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds were recorded for the Methanol extracts of Gp. persica, 45.12±0.01 (mg GA/gr DW) and 2.28±0.007 (mg QE /gr DW), respectively while H. flagelliformis showed the maximum Carotenoid content 17±0.06 (mg 100g-1). In addition, the highest antibacterial activity was recorded for the n-hexane and followed by Ethylacetate extracts. In general comparison, though, according to the results, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of species in this study were calculated less than standard, but could be accounted these seaweeds as safe biological properties and with abundance of them in coastal of Bandar Abbas, could be considered for future applications in medicine and dietary supplements.